Explore in Relation to a Client You Have Nursed...

This essay will be exploring the psychosocial influences on a 68 year old lady called Susan Smith’s perception to her health, along with her response to illness. To do this we must look at a definition of both psychology and sociology and discuss any possible effects these have had on Susan’s perception of health issues. Also this essay will be looking at any influences such as education, in relation to a female of Susan’s age and background, and discuss whether these issues have affected Susan’s health and her responses to illness. Susan was admitted to hospital for a planned bi-lateral total knee replacement, she lived with her husband John who suffered from bipolar disorder. Susan enjoyed going to her local church every Sunday but had†¦show more content†¦Another factor affecting peoples perception could be their locus of control, Rotter (1954) made distinctions between beliefs of people with an internal and an external locus of control: people who are said to be ‘internal’ are thought to believe that their own actions can change the outcome of situations, making these situations under personal control, however ‘externals’ are seen generally to believe that the outcome is beyond their personal control, believing that their actions are unrelated to the events. Therefore if someone has an internal locus of control they believe that they have a significant say in how their lives are run, whereas a person with an external locus of control believes that ‘fate’ has al ready decided upon the events of their lives. Niven (2000) suggests that people who have an internal locus of control may be more highly motivated to take action concerning their health; however they are less likely to adhere to medical advice. This may be due to the fact that internals feel that they have a choice and say in the outcomes of their health and can decide not to adhere when it is appropriate. For example in Susan’s case when she spoke about having a bilateral total knee replacement, she said that when the doctor had advised having

Gangs And Gang Crimes All Together - 2177 Words

I have chosen to write my paper on Gangs and Gang crimes all together. I want to explain the history and reasoning of modern gangs and how and why they came about. I also want to give examples of some of the most common gangs known world wide and examples of the crimes they commit. I will also include insight on the reasoning behind the joining of gangs. Lastly, I would like to go into some detail about the criminal investigation of gang crimes. I have chosen this topic because I believe it is one that we don’t give enough credit to in the current increase in crime rate. Today’s gangs of violent young offenders aggressive if you will terrorize and put pressure on neighborhoods in over three quarters of America s largest cities. These collectivities may include only one third of at risk youth, but the members that are held accountable are only about 80% of the serious delinquencies among minors. Now, even though juvenile violence and crime is connected to inferior socioe conomic conditions and racial issues, it has been understood that gangs nurture and structure young offenders towards futures of crime. Their entire existence is on the belief that the youth will grow up and become part of their legacy as they call it. Now, to understand street gangs and the crimes they commit in its seriousness, one must understand what a street gang is. Street gangs are groups or gangs, having a year history, or having a large membership and being somewhat organized, and being involvedShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang Violence1520 Words   |  7 PagesGang violence is becoming a known threat in our country. Gang violence is defined as a group of people by repetitive socializing individuals or close friends with recognizable influence and inner coordination. 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Even though when thinking of organized crime the first thought is The Italian Mafia and groups of that sort, one has to remember that organized crime comes in many different formsRead MoreThe Criminal Aspect of Social Media1360 Words   |  5 Pagespicture of offenders and crime patterns to develop. It serves to confirm what investigators already suspect or can point an investigation into a totally different direction. The Cincinnati Police Department (CPD), along with our academic partners at the University of Cincinnati Institute of Crime Science (ICS), first started to look at the social networks of criminal street gangs or groups in 2008 during the investigation of the Northside Taliband (their spelling) gang. This move to group basedRead MoreThe Ending Gang And Youth Violence Policy Initiative1020 Words   |  5 Pages1. The Ending Gang and Youth Violence policy initiative is aimed at analysing problems with gangs and find intervention to tackle crime connected to young people. 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On one side there is a spot next to a bunch of African Americans, on the other side its a posse of Asians. Okay, so where are you going to sit? Next to the Asians I bet. What if it was Latinos instead of Blacks, chances are you wouldRead MoreThe Cause and Effect of Joining a Gang with reference to Mara Salvatrucha 131200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cause and Effect of Joining a Gang with reference to Mara Salvatrucha 13 According to the Cambridge Dictionary (n.d.), a gang is defined as, â€Å"a group of criminals that work together.† Gangs are a powerful force that is a constant threat against society. As of 2011, the National Gang Center (n.d.) estimates there to be 782,500 gang members in the United States alone. Mara Salvatrucha 13, also known as MS-13, is one of the biggest and most threatening gangs. The High Intensity Drug Trafficking

None Persuasive Essay Example For Students

None Persuasive Essay Executive SummaryThis business plan details the launch of a start-up company known as the Import Export Company (IEC). The company functions as a middleman in purchasing housewares from manufacturers in China and reselling the products to retail buyers in the US and Canada. The Import Export Company is primarily an independent import/export business. The products we import from China are resold to retail buyers in the US; in addition, we export the products from China directly to retail buyers in Canada. Without maintaining inventory, the company ships the product directly from China to the US and Canada. Our product catalog focuses on housewares products that appeal to trend-minded US and Canadian consumers. Product pricing is geared toward budget-conscious consumers seeking a current look for their homes, without paying upscale prices. In 2003, China was the third largest country trading with the US, importing and exporting a combined $127 billion in goods (US Census Bureau, 2003). As of November 2003, China exported $25.1 billion in goods to the US, up 25.8% over 2002 (US Department of Commerce). The IEC has developed initial relationships with manufacturers and retailers. Our marketing plan targets a market of 160 retailers in the US that specialize in Home Furnishings and Housewares. The company has targeted fifty Canadian retailers that also meet our target market requirements. The owners are contributing $15,000 ($7,500 each) in start-up capital from personal savings, in addition to a loan of $30,000 from friends and family. The loan will be repaid at 6% interest when the company becomes stable in the second year of operations. After initial start-up expenses, the company has a starting Cash Balance of $29,880. The company is forecasting $350,500 in first year sales revenue, with a Cost of Goods projected to be 60%. Cost of Goods directly reflects our targeted 40% profit margin. We anticipate doubling our sales revenue for the first three years of operations as we develop our manufacturing and retail buyer relationships. Sales revenue increases in our second year to $701,000 and $1,402,000 in our third year. The company projects a Net Profit of $40,665 in our first year of operations, increasing to $139,944 in the second year and $317,688 in the third year. Our Cash Flow objective in the first year is to not allow our Cash Balance to fall below $15,000 in any given month. We anticipate a Net Cash Flow of $17,103 in our first year of operations, increasing to $28,382 in our second year and $114,564 in our third year. Our projections show a Cash Balance of $46,983 in our first year, increasing to $75,365 in our second year and $189,928 in our third year. ObjectivesThe objectives of the Import Export Company are to: Generate first year sales of $350,500, doubling annually for the following two years. Establish additional strategic relationships with manufacturers and retail buyers representing retail stores in the Home Furnishings and Housewares sector. Maintain net margins of 40%. MissionThe IEC imports home furnishing and housewares products from Chinese manufacturers at the lowest possible price for resale to home furnishings and housewares retail stores in the United States and Canada at competitive prices to generate volume unit sales. Company SummaryThe IEC is primarily an independent import/export business. We will import (buy) products from manufacturers in China and resell these products to retail buyers in the US, in addition to exporting the products for resale to retail buyers in Canada. As a start-up company, our primary business will be locating and sourcing unique housewares products that appeal to trend-minded US and Canadian consumers. Our sourcing will focus on housewares product manufacturers in China, from whom we will identify products for inclusion in our product catalog. We will market our product catalog to direct buyers for home furnishing and housewares retailers in the US and Canada, to whom we will sell the products. When product orders are obtained from retail buyers, an order will be issued to the manufacturer, who then produces and ships the product directly to the retail buyer. Company OwnershipThe company is co-owned by two individuals who will each maintain 50% ownership of the company. The owners have extensive experience in importing goods from Asia and selling to retail buyers in the US and Canada. The company will be formed as a Limited Liability Corporation. The company will obtain local and state business licenses. Additionally, the company will apply for an Employer Identification Number from the federal government. The company will be located in California, housed in a leased, 200 square foot furnished office space and will carry adequate business insurance. The company will not warehouse or store products, as the company will function as a middleman. ProductsThe IEC will focus primarily on importing home furnishings, housewares, and giftware products. The products will be selected for their appeal to trend-minded consumers in the US and Canada, primarily purchasers that are between 25-45 years old and concerned with current decorating trends. Products with a high value/low price position will be identified for inclusion in our product catalog. The products offered in the Import Export Companys brochure will include: Candles and candlestick holders Picture frames Clocks Throw pillows Decorative tabletop items Although products are primarily non-branded in that they do not bear any manufacturers brand name, we will provide private label orders of all products, allowing the buyers to place their companys identifying marks on the products. Private labels are generally thought to be good values by the consumers. SourcingFor sourcing imported products, the company has developed strategic relationships with several manufacturers in China. The company will focus its sourcing efforts during the first year in identifying additional manufacturers and products for inclusion in the company catalog. Sourcing goals for the next 12-months include: Developing ten new strategic relationships with manufacturers in China Identifying 20-30 new products for inclusion in the company catalog We will obtain sourcing contacts by establishing communications with manufacturers and sending email, letters, and faxes to companies identified as potential resources. We will request personal meetings with representatives of the manufacturing companies and travel to China to meet one-on-one with the companies. These resources will be identified through: Import/Export industry publications International Ch amber of Commerce Import/Export industry trade shows Internet research for housewares manufacturers in China World Trade Centers US Department of Commerce Additionally, the company has developed strategic relationships with freight forwarders and customs brokers to manage the logistics of all orders. TechnologyThe company will incorporate technology advances for logistics, order management, and online publishing to help automate the order and delivery process. Future ProductsThe company will continuously update its product catalog to include the most current home furnishings trends, remaining focused on small, high-volume products within the home furnishings sector. Products that have fallen out of fashion will be removed from the catalog unless they consistently receive buyer orders. Market Analysis SummaryThe IEC trades in the international import and export industry. The import/export industry in 2003 represented $1061 billion of goods imported into the US, an increase of 8.4% over 2002. US exports totaled $928 billion, reflecting a 3.9% increase over 2002 (US Department of Commerce). The company focuses on two areas: Import: The IEC imports consumer house wares products from China for resell to US retail buyers. In 2003, China was the third largest country with which the US trades, importing and exporting a combined $127 billion in goods (US Census Bureau, 2003). As of November 2003, China exported $25.1 billion in goods to the US, up 25.8% over 2002 (US Department of Commerce). Export: The IEC exports consumer house wares products from manufacturers in China to retailers in Canada. In 2003, Canada was the largest country with which the US trades, importing and exporting a combined $292 billion in goods (US Census Bureau, 2003). As of November 2003, US exports to Canada totaled $156 billion, up 4.9% over 2002 (US Department of Commerce). For import/export assistance, the company will utilize the consulting services of the following agencies:The Small Business Administrations (SBA) Office of International TradeThe US Department of Commerce International Trade AdministrationThe Export-Import Bank of the United StatesThe International Chamber of CommerceThe World Trade CentersMarket SegmentationThe Market Analysis chart indicates that these two sectors, assuming continued steady growth rates, will reach a combined market of $251 billion by 2008, with a Compound Average Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.58%. Table: Market AnalysisPotential CustomersGrowth200520062007CAGRImported Goods from China to US26%$25,100,000,000$31,575,800,000$39,722,356,40025.80%Exported Goods from US to Canada5%$156,000,000,000$163,644,000,000$171,662,556,0004.90%Total8.58%$181,100,000,000$195,219,800,000$211,384,912,4008.58%Industry AnalysisThe Import Export Companys customer groups are primarily large retail chain stores that offer Home Furnishings and Housewares at low to moderate pricing. According to Dun and Bradstreet, in 2004 the Home Furnishings sector represents a $546 million industry with 347 major participants. Conservative estimates forecast an annual growth rate of 2% in the US. Manufacturing order sizes have steadily declined as the industry reacted to the worldwide recession of recent years. Large retail chains have grown through mergers and acquisitions, while buyers have increased their buying power through consolidation. Vietnam Persuasive EssayAfter identifying products that meet our criteria, we will request an initial Request For Quotation (RFQ) from the manufacturer. The manufacturer will respond with a pro forma invoice with the following information:Price per unit in US dollars (including shipping, packing, and insurance)QuantityProduct description Product specifications for weight and dimensionsPacking specificationsPayment TermsThe following are import costs for the example order: CostsCIF (landed cost)$5,000Duty (5%)$50US Tax$10Brokerage Clearance and Reforwarding$30Letter of Credit (.25%)$5Total Landed $5,095 or $5.10 per unitOur targeted markup to retailers is 40% above the wholesale price paid to the manufacturer. For example, if we purchase a product for $5.10 per unit landed cost (including all shipping and insurance costs) from the manufacturer, we would then sell that product to a retail buyer for $7.14, resulting in a net profit of $2.04 per unit. $5.10 + 40% = $7.14The Import Export Company will focus on volume sales orders of at least 1,000 units per retailer order. In this example, an order of 1,000 units at a net profit of $2.04 per unit would result in a profit of $2,040 for the company. $2.04 x 1,000 = $2,040Promotion StrategyWe believe that the most important element of promoting our company is in cultivating and maintaining personal relationships with product manufacturers and retail buyers. We will identify and establish relationships with at least ten manufacturers in our first year. We will negotiate with each manufacturer for the lowest price for each product, along with favorable terms including Letters of Credit. From these negotiations, we will determine an acceptable profit margin and unit pricing for retail buyers in the US and Canada. An electronic catalog will be created, with product descriptions, photos, retail unit pricing, volume price discounts, and credit terms for presentation to retail buyers. Marketing ProgramsAll products will be listed in an electronic product brochure/catalog, maintained in electronic file format. The brochure can be easily updated using off-the-shelf publishing software, operated by the company staff on laptop computers. Pr oduct pictures will be generated at the manufacturers facilities by company staff through the use of photo cell phones. The catalog is easily updated and accessed on the companys website, and can be emailed to customers for immediate review. We will present our catalog in-person and via email to retail decision-makers. The company will also maintain a state-of-the-art website that showcases our current product catalog. The website will provide for online ordering and order-tracking to streamline the logistics process. To reach our sales goals, we will follow the following marketing plan:Make contact with all targeted retail companies in the first three months of operations by sending letters of introduction by fax, email, and direct mail. The information provided to the retail buyers will include our product catalog in both electronic and print format. Follow up with each retail buyer at least three times. Schedule personal face-to-face meetings at the retail buyers office to establish a relationship and present our product catalog in-person, along with samples of the most popular products. Visit major industry events. Annual product conventions generally lead to the discovery of new products and new buyer leads. We will access buyers directories distributed at each event: International Housewares Show (March) New York International Gift Fair (January) Hong Kong Gifts and Housewares Fair (April) The company will maintain a budget for advertising, which will include:Print advertisements in industry publications. Catalog costs for printing and electronic formats. Travel budgets to support calling on each targeted retail buyer. Strategic AlliancesWe believe that our most important alliances are those we forge with our bank, our manufacturers, and our retail buyers. Cultivation of personal relationships with decision-makers within these organizations will position our company to meet our growth goals. Sales StrategyThe companys goal for the first year of operations is to place initial orders from thirty retail buyers. The average initial order is expected to generate revenue of $7,500 per order. We expect to write our first orders in our second month of operations. We assume a six-week lag from the day an order is written to when we receive payment. From these assumptions, we are forecasting initial orders in our first year of sales as: 30 x $7,500 = $225,000 initial order profitWe expect half of these orders to result in reorders beginning in the second half of the year, resulting in the following assumption: 15 x $7,500 = $125,500 Reorder ProfitFrom these assumptions, we are projecting initial first year sales revenue of $350,500. Our sales and marketing goals identify doubling our retail orders through our third year, resulting in sales of $701,000 in our second year and $1,402,000 in our third year. The following Sales Forecast represents our first three years of Sales and Cost of Sales. Direct Cost of Sales is tabulated as 60% of the product sales value, in correlation to our 40% margin. A detail of our first twelve months of sales is provided in the appendix of the business plan. Table: Sales ForecastSales Forecast200520062007SalesInitial Orders$225,000$450,000$900,000Reorders$125,500$251,000$502,000Total Sales$350,500$701,000$1,402,000Direct Cost of SalesInitial Orders$135,000$270,000$540,000Reorders$75,300$150,600$301,200Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales$210,300$420,600$841,200Management SummaryThe company is founded by two individuals who have over ten years of combined experience importing products from Asia and selling to retail buyers in the US and Canada. Additional management expertise will be provided by import/export consultants, a corporate attorney, and an accountant specializing in import and retail. Management TeamThe company is organized by focusing on the three major areas of sourcing, marketing, and administration. The two owners will divide responsibilities between sourcing and marketing. Administration will be handled by an administrative assistant who will manage the office while the two owners spend the majority of their time on the road, cul tivating the companys relationships with manufacturers and retail buyers. Owner #1 is well-versed in negotiating in China and will be responsible for identifying and developing relationships with housewares manufacturers in China. He will additionally be responsible for overseeing the logistics of each order. Owner #2 will be responsible for developing relationships with retail buyers in the US and Canada. A large percentage of her time will be spent making in-person sales calls and traveling to industry trade events. Personnel PlanThe following table outlines the companys personnel objectives. Initially, only the companys administrative assistant will be considered an employee. Both owners will take a distribution of the profits rather than drawing a salary. The owners anticipate taking dividends of $11,000 each in the first year, increasing to $40,000 each in the second year and $100,000 each in the third year. Additional staff will be added in subsequent years, determined by the companys cash flow and personnel requirements. Financial PlanAs a start-up company, we anticipate growth through favorable financing options and cash flow. All sales contracts will be written to minimize our risk by negotiating for favorable credit terms, including Letters of Credit. All transactions will be in US dollars to avoid any foreign exchange risk. The company assumes a 45-day collection period for all billables, reflecting the time required to manufacturer and ship the products to the US. The Import Export Company expects to utilize financing to cover these collection periods. Financing will also allow the company to avoid unnecessary risk and increase working capital. For the purpose of estimating our cash flow, we are forecasting 50% of our sales will be on credit. We will consult with our accountant to ascertain a specific tax rate. For the purpose of estimating, we have set our tax rate at 20%. We do not forecast collecting sales tax, as our purchases are for resale and not subject to sales or use taxes. We will work closely with our bank, which was selected because of its import and export programs. Initially, we will pursue secured financing options, with the bank advancing funds by using the goods we import as collateral. If we default on our secure financing obligations, the bank takes title of our shipped goods. As we are a start-up company, we will not qualify for unsecured financing until we have established a positive credit record with our bank. We may pursue a revolving line of credit through the Small Business Administrations Special Purpose loan programs for exporters, which would allow us to receive pre-export financing through the U.S. Export Import Bank. We may also pursue factoring options. As a start-up, we are primarily focused on maintaining a positive cash flow position. For this reason, a factor that buys receivables with a cash advance in exchange for a 5% fee may be a viable option. We feel that our target profit margin of 40% provides leeway to work with facto rs.

Sleep Process Research

Introduction Every human being in day to day life needs some rest from the normal activities by sleeping. Sleep is therefore defined as period that naturally occurs where the body rests from the daily activities and the mind being in a state of unconsciousness. There are said to have five sleep stages, which are divided in to two: the rapid eye movement and the non rapid eye movement during which the dreams occur.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Process Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One begins with the preparation to sleep -the waking sleep- where the eyes go on and off. In stage 1 last about five to ten minutes where there is slowing down of muscle activities. At this stage it is easy to awaken someone and he may end up feeling as if he hadn’t slept. During this stage the eyes are closed. In stage 2, one gets a light sleep whereby the body temperature goes down as well as the heart rate. In stages 3 and 4, someone experiences dead sleep, (Andrew, 2005). However, in stage 4 the sleep is much intense. There is the repeat of stage 3 and 2 after stage 4. Stages 1-4 are referred as the non rapid eye movement (NREM) period. In these stages one dream on memories of the episodes which might have happened during the day or the past days. The NREM period last up to around 90 minutes where one gets into stage five the rapid eye movement (REM) period. Here the dreams take another shape where the normal realities don’t make sense, for instance one can dream walking on water without sinking. At this stage the heart rate increases and the blood pressure rises. The five stages form a cycle and one may end up having 5 cycles at the end on the night, (Andrew, 2005). There are theories associated to why we dream, some of them include: to help solving of problems which cannot be solved in normal consciousness, to organize our mind in relation to many information and to cope wit h different hard situations. We also dream as a result of impulses from the brain which are randomly developed. There are several consequences related to the disrupted sleep. Disrupted sleep during the night result into the poor working of person during the day where one ends up dozing in the afternoon when supposed to be taking a certain activity, it also disrupts the concentration of the mind. Disrupted sleep has been a high threat to the human health by increasing the risk of diseases such as heart attacks, obesity, and colon cancer among others (Andrew, 2005). Insufficient sleep may increase the hormones which do cause stress. This leads to the increase in the blood pressure in which many heart attacks are reported to be as a result of increased blood pressure (Pinel, 2009). In the blood vessels there is a lining which is influenced by sleep, and so many cases of strokes as well as the heart attacks have been known to happen in the morning as it’s when the body resumes wo rking with high increased blood pressure.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Diabetes is said to be as a result of poor regulation of the blood in which at the same time people who are known to have insufficient sleep are at the same time reported to have problems in blood sugar regulation (Pinel, 2009). The body metabolic rate is said to be high at night and thus less sleep leads to poor metabolic rate. This has in turn resulted into many reported cases of obesity especially to women who sleep five hours or less. Insufficient sleep therefore has many negative effects which lead to reduced life span to a person (Davis, 2003). The bio-psychologist and the psycho-physiologist are said to play a great role in the sleep research. They have researched on the positive effects that the sleep has into a person as well as the negative effects involved when one lacks enough sleep. Out of their re search results people are then in position to avoid these effects which are detrimental in to their health. They have a role on explaining the relationship between the sleep and the body biological functioning. They also have a role in further research on, the sleep and the relationship with the neurological problem or disorders. They are a number of sleep disorders of which the specifics causes have not been known like walking while sleeping. The bio-psychologist have then the role on researching the specific causes of which some of them are believed to be genetic as when the specific cause is known then the specific treatment on the same will be developed (Davis, 2003). The psycho-physiologists have a role in showing the relationship in psycho-physiological and the radical eye movement period. The science need to be applied for the hallucinations and dreams that people experience with the processes on full conscience. They have also a further role to research of the impact that th e disorders such as insomnia to the body functioning which are unknown. There has been reported cases on psycho-physiological insomnias that are not caused by sleep loss thus they have a further role on researching on the same. Their role however cannot be under looked by the fact that many lives have been saved as a result of their research (Davis, 2003). References Andrew, W. (2005). Foundations of Biopsychology. London: Pearson, Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Process Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Davis, S. (2003). Blackwell Handbooks of Research Methods in Psychology. New York: Wiley Blackwell. Pinel, John P.J. (2009). Biopsychology, 7 ed. Boston, MA: Pearson. This essay on Sleep Process Research was written and submitted by user Hallie Grimes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

improving UK social relations essays

improving UK social relations essays Will the passage of the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 lead to improved social relations in Britain? The Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 is concerned with outlawing discrimination on the grounds of race in public life. It extends the Race Relations Act 1976, which was concerned with outlawing racial discrimination towards individuals and thus tackling individual wrongs, by emphasising the responsibility of public bodies to tackle institutional racism. It was passed in November 2000 and while some of its provisions came into force in April 2001, others did not take effect until 31st May 2002. In 2003 it appears to have had some success, with two thirds of public companies having complied with the legislation 1. As yet little case law exists. As it emerges, it will help to establish how the courts will regard the workings and meanings of the Act in practice. However because the Act builds upon earlier legislation and is a response to the findings of the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry, one can make some reasonably intelligent guesses about the impact of the Act on social work and socia l care. Of particular interest to people exploring social work and social policy are the ways in which the Act links with social work values and social concerns, such as Howe's (2000) distinction between 'intrinsic values', which are good in themselves (such as personal well being) and 'instrumental values', which are linked to ends (such as laws which uphold rights). The Act can thus be seen as embodying the instrumental values of racial equality and of freedom from racial discrimination. The Act uses stronger, more positive language in requiring public bodies to promote racial equality. It therefore requires bodies, including social work agencies, to put into practice at an institutional level some of the values that all people working in the social care sector are required to demonstrate at an individual level. There should therefore be no c...

MORRIS Surname Meaning and Family History

MORRIS Surname Meaning and Family History The Morris surname has several possible origins: As an English or Scottish surname, Morris may have originated as Maurice, an Old French personal name derived from the Latin Mauritius, a given name itself  derived from the Old French more (Latin maurus), meaning moorish or dark, swarthy. In this respect it was often a nickname given to someone with dark skin. Morris may also have derived as an Anglicized form of the Welsh personal name Meurig, also from the Latin Mauritius.Possibly an Anglicized form of the ancient Irish name Ó  Muirgheasa (variant  Ãƒâ€œ Muirghis), a personal name thought to derive from muir, meaning sea and geas, meaning taboo or prohibition.Morris may also have originated as a  variant of the German Moritz, or as an Americanized form of other like-sounding Jewish surnames. Morris is the 56th most popular surname in the United States. Morris is also popular in England, coming in as the 32nd most common surname. Surname Origin:  English, Irish, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MORRISS, MORISH, MORISSH, MORCE, MORSE, MORRISEY, MORICE, MORRICE   Famous People with the MORRISSurname Robert Morris Jr.  - American merchant and banker known as the financier of the American RevolutionWilliam Morris  -  American theatrical agent who founded the  William Morris Agency, one of the foremost theatrical agencies in the U.S.Lewis Morris  -  American land owner and developer, and signatory of the Declaration of IndependenceMargaretta Morris  -  American entomologistWilliam Morris  - British writer and artist; one of the principal founders of the  British Arts and Crafts Movement Where is the MORRIS Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from  Forebears, Morris is the 805th most common surname in the world- found most prevalently in the United States, where it ranks 54th, but also very common in Liberia (17th), Wales (18th), England (39th), Jamaica (46th) and Australia (55th). Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  also show the Price surname as especially common in Wales, as well as in the West Midlands region of England. Within the United States, Price is most common in the state of North Carolina, followed by South Carolina and West Virginia.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MORRIS 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Morris DNA ProjectThis DNA project connects individuals with the Morris surname, or variants such as Maurice, Moris, Morres, Morress, Morrice, or Morriss,  who are interested in using DNA testing to help discover common Morris ancestors. Morris Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Morris family crest or coat of arms for the Morris surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. MORRIS Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Morris surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Morris query. FamilySearch - MORRIS GenealogyExplore over 11  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Morris  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - MORRIS  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Morris. GeneaNet - Morris  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Morris  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Morris  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Morris  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Egyptian and Greek Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Egyptian and Greek Art History - Essay Example The earliest forms of art in Greece are found in the archaic era.   The different forms of art were pottery, sculpture, architecture, and painting.   In comparison to Egyptian art, the Greek art was underdeveloped. The Egyptians had already made breakthroughs in the construction of the pyramids by the time the Greeks started acknowledging architecture. The painting in Egypt is governed by the use of specific colours that have specific meanings. Egyptian art was limited to the use of six colours. This was not the case of early painting in Greek, which focused on pottery. Artists were allowed to express themselves freely.   Greek artists were allowed to be creative and pass a message using art. This was not the case in Egypt where artists were hired to work as a part of a team. The lead artists did not receive any credit for the work. All the credit went to the person who had commissioned the painting.   It also explains why most Egyptian paintings contained particular messages as opposed to Greek art, which was a free expression of the human form as the artist wanted it.   Civilization in Egypt was deeply rooted in religion, which explains why most works of art were inspired by religion.   Many artworks all through the history of Egypt represented gods and goddesses in Egyptian culture.   This led to the development of strict rules on how humans and gods can be represented in painting. Greek’s art was inspired by creativity, which is evidenced by the expressions seen in their sculptures.

Week 1 response & week 2 response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 1 response & week 2 response - Essay Example Analyzing the scene it can be observed that the director has made use of a very attractive setting. The behavior and expression of the character reflects a confident personality. In addition, the costume of the character is well dressed and classy that depicts the character as the focus of the film. The direction of the camera is overlapped with the various angles to give dramatic backdrop to the action of the character. The camera revolves around the character starting with a stylish way the character carries his cigarette and answers the question to the interviewer in an upright manner. The background of the scene is manipulated with the props were smoke of a cigarette. I believe that the filmmaker has focused more on the character and his style to make him an attractive and desirable character. All the camera techniques and focused on the character, whereas the background of the setting is dull and less attractive than the clothing of the character. The techniques that the filmmaker has used for developing the scene allow the audience to get a closer look of the character. He makes use of tampopo examples to elaborate the colors of the character’s dressing in order to enhance his personality. The film in week 2 was Safe (1995), a horror film about a woman living alone suffering from a disease. The main character of the film revolves around a lady named Carol. In film making, the costume, light and makeup makes the character to be realistic and portray a real life character. I believe that the character Carol of the film Safe (1995) lights, makeup, costumes and setting gives a perfect touch to the character (Bordwell & Thompson, 2010, p. 113). The setting of a film set and soft makeup of the character can reflect character’s emotional state of mind. The color of the costume is brighter than the neutral colors in the background setting that makes the character appear soft while attractive. However, the costume of Carol is strong, and her body is

Johannesburg Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Johannesburg Sustainability Essay The purpose of this report is to advise the Johannesburg City Government on ways to reduce carbon emissions within the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. Johannesburg City (Joburg) is listed as a participant with the C40 Cities initiative, in an effort to tackle the environmental issues of global warming and climate change. This initiative was established as a leadership programme from representatives from major cities around the world, and aims to be at the forefront in encouraging sustainable practices in our urban areas (c40cities online, 2011). It is important then to clearly define what sustainability is. From information provided in the Open University course material, a sustainable city is an urban environment in which its inhabitants lead fulfilling lives and are able to meet their material and social needs without damaging the environment it co-exists with (The Open University, Block 6, 2010. p 22-23). Further to this a sustainable city should have a long-term perspective which allows it to produce its own resources. With this being said, Joburg finds itself faced with many, unnecessarily high, carbon producing activities such as a high volume of personal cars users and obtaining energy from older technologies and non-renewable sources just to name a few. These practices are typical of major cities across the planet and represent the unsustainable development of human activities without regard for the environment we live in. Taking action to promote sustainability, like the C40 Cities initiative, is the reason why this report has been drafted for Joburg. In particular this report will focus on carbon emissions, their sources within the Joburg boundaries and effect on global warming, and then present ways in which to combat the currently inadequate carbon producing activities that Joburg is experiencing. Finally the report will conclude with a summary of the key points discussed in the making the case and the proposal sections. Recommendations on the information presented will be put forward which is in alignment with the purpose of this report: sustainability through reducing carbon emissions. Making The Case: Joburg has an important role in making itself a sustainable city because of its influence, not only on the surrounding environment, but as a leading city in gold production in South Africa. The large population of nearly 3.9 million inhabitants means the carbon footprint that Joburg produces will have a significant value and hence add to the issues of global warming and climate change. In a report published by a South African company, Metorex Ltd., the CO2 equivalent will not only minimise the effect of Joburgs carbon footprint on a global scale, but also act as a role model for other cities in Southern Africa. Cities like Joburg facilitate enormous flows of both people and material within them. These flows of people and material contribute to the character of the city and its ability to adapt to change. It is this ability to adapt to change which will be the greatest obstacle in combating global warming and climate change, as reluctance to take the necessary steps in securing our future will lead to devastating consequences. Consequences, as suggested by Block 6 could involve heat waves, flooding, and rising sea level. Creating cities which are flexible, as sustainable cities are, and which can cope with these environmental scenarios will undoubtedly go along way to sustaining quality of life in not only Joburg, but around the planet too. What better place to encourage change than to start with the economic institutions which pull people from across the country in search of better earning opportunity. In South Africa Joburg is such a city and is seen as the economic hub of South Africa, contributing to over a third of the countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 11% of Africas GDP ( South Africa Online, 2011). According to Block 6 Open University course material, encouraging activities which would lead to sustainability in Joburg could lead to the following results: Improved energy efficiency leading to lower bills and lower demand for power; Development of new a new market in the midst of a lively economic market; Better quality of life for inhabitants owing to reductions in pollution (air, water and waste) and finally more efficient production of goods and services for domestic consumption as a result of innovative technologies. These are just a few of the more obvious advantages of creating a city with sustainabl e practices. So where does one start when implementing eco-friendly strategies? Why not with the authority in which the inhabitants of the city put their trust the Johannesburg City Government. As the leading authority in making decisions which directly affect the daily running of the city, Joburg will be following other leading cities, like London, in gaining the political support it needs to back the changes it wishes to make. Its no surprise that political support will be needed in gaining momentum to implement and manage Eco-legislature. When the City Government puts its political weight behind notions like sustainable building designs, renewable energy sources, heavier car tax for large motor vehicles and more efficient waste management, then the mind-set of the consumer, business man, company, conglomerate, institution or society as a whole changes and realises that these regulations will come into affect and its best to get onboard, or suffer the consequential penalties. Therefore as a leading decision-maker, the Johannesburg City Government should be best placed to initiate schemes and programs that effectively lead to gaining momentum needed in providing the tools for â€Å"greener living†. The proposal addresses 4 key areas which I believe are fundamental starting blocks to creating a sustainable Joburg. There are many more concepts or ideas which would further decrease CO2 emissions, hence contributing to sustainability, however I will be submitting just 4 key concepts that in my opinion should be put into action immediately. Firstly, the City Transport commuter system needs development. Currently Joburg offers its inhabitants transportation in the form of busses and city trains. In a statement by Flora Mokgohloa, the Executive Director of Environment in the City, she says that the Bus Rapid Transit (BRP) scheme introduced in 2008, was introduced in an effort to reduce carbon emissions by up to 1.6million tons by 2020 (Flora Mokgohloa, 2010). The fact that commuters are only offered this form of transport within the city, apart from the trains which take it passengers to scattered stations, based too far away from each other to be an effective commuter transport syst em, forces commuters to seek other forms of more efficient transport – like using multi people carrier taxis. This in effect, fore-gos the CO2 emissions saved because of the excess taxi emissions caused in response to the search for an affordable transport service. A solution to this could be an incorporation of the the â€Å"City Bike† scheme that major cities such as Amsterdam, Paris and London have taken on. With specific stations positioned in the central business district within of Sandton, Alexandra and Randburg this could cut down congestion of traffic and therefore also make it more efficient. Not to mention the reductions in CO2 emissions will also lead to a healthier, cleaner environment. Joburgs physical landscape is flat, thus use of a central City Bike scheme combined with â€Å"Car-Free† Zones or Zero-CO2 emissions zones could booster a walking, riding or electric personal transport commuter system within the city itself. Laying infrastructure such as bike pathways or electric motorised vehicle lanes would not be too much of a hassle as the reduction in traffic wo uld lead to the the use of one of the numerous multi-lanes available from the current transport infrastructure. City Structure is another important key development area. As suggested in Block 6 by the Mayor of London, Mr Boris Johnson, all new building greater than a certain size needs to obtain its right to be built after scrutiny by the Mayor himself (Course DVD Mayors Speech, 2008). In his scrutiny, the building should pass a number of prerequisites before being given the thumbs up to advance. Among these requirements are the ability of the building to produce 10% of its energy from a renewable source above others. If introduced in Joburg, this could lead to further development of renewable resource suppliers who look to supply the demand for energy from a renewable source. Alternatively the new building could use its own form of energy creation through Solar or wind power. These are 2 greatly abundant sources of energy not yet fully tapped by the South African market. The technology exists, is in use in Joburg already in the form of the â€Å"Cosmo City† scheme, essentially a solar water heater system however the demand has lacked and thus not supported further development (Joburg Online, 2011). With the enforcement of more rigid building requirements and energy management supply and manage- Further to this, Joburgs current city structure is the dictionary definition of urban crawl. Put simply, the city has stretched out horizontally and not utilized its potential space in the 3D arena. By this I refer to the large area it occupies (it is the largest city in South Africa) and with this lateral extension come greater energy consumption, as suggested by Richard Register in Block 6 (Block 6, 2010. p 129). By setting a required height limit that guarantees a building height and minimalises developments which simply occupies horizontal space. Adding to this could be â€Å"green† incentives like vertical farms for example. Also by narrowing the spaces between building structures, less distance is travelled by commuters, more shade is provided and the opportunity for wind to be tunneled throughout the city arises, leading to even less energy consumption by use of air conditioner on hot summer days. This also answers to the logic of access by proximity. Thus in using the natural landscape the city itself can be evolved, as likened to a living Eco-system in Block 6, to produce natural ways to regulate Joburgs temperature. Joburg gets its power from the only energy producer in South Africa, Eskom. This company as the only supplier with a national grid, controls the energy market as a monopoly. However there are renewable energy opportunities in available in South Africa. Firstly, sitting just outside the tropics, South Africa sees enough sunshine a year to promote the efficient use of solar power. Combined with this the terrain of the country itself is conducive to use of wind-turbine farms. The problem lies with the fact that these are relatively new technologies which are more expensive and which have little demand in South Africa. Cities like Joburg do not have the need for a more expensive energy supplier when there is a cheaper form through Eskom. Government subsidies, as used in the UK with Natural Gas Installations (Course DVD Mayors Speech, 2008), and more rigid requirements for use of renewable sources of energy, could as stated above promote growth in a clean energy supplier market. Initially this is expensive, as subsidies provided by the government will mean cuts elsewhere to eco-projects, however in the long-run (as stated, with the intention of a long-term prospect) the cost of supplying renewable energy will decrease as new technologies become available. In the mean time, using decentralised combined heat and power plants will offset the extra CO2 emissions caused by unnecessary heating in nearby establishments when heat can be harvested and distributed locally from the production of power (Block 6, 2010. p 80). Finally the Education of city dwellers/businesses and role of the media is an important factor in the regulation and management of all â€Å"green† initiatives. This is because it helps build the momentum needed to gather support from the state, market and society spheres. Local inhabitants want to feel like what they have to say matters and is taken into consideration when plans for green-initiatives are implemented, and rather a part of the solution. Educating the inhabitants, by holding regular conferences, exhibitions, information evenings in low-income household areas will go a long way to gaining support and ease the process of implementing larger scale initiatives. The role of the media in the development of London shows that even laws can be influence when enough support is gathered and represented (Block 6, 2010.p 54). Conclusion: In summary, the Johannesburg City Government has been presented with information on why Joburg needs to be a sustainable city. Adding to this, what it means to be a sustainable city and hence its importance for Joburg as an economic hub was highlighted. Following this, 4 key concepts to the future initial development of Joburg were discussed. Each highlighted the need for a commanding authority who: has weight with legislation, a decent budget to throw towards greeninitiatives and the governing and management power to regulate and these initiatives. When an educated society gathers momentum, with the help of the Joburg market and the endorsement of Local Government (the state), it is then that Joburg will start to realise its â€Å"green† potential. References The Open University (2009) U116 Environment: journeys through a changing world, Block 6, Ê »Cities and sustainabilityÊ ¼, Milton Keynes, The Open University. U116 DVD; Block 6, Part 2; Role of political leadership: Mayors Speech c40cities Online, 2011. â€Å"About the c40 †, http://www.c40cities.org/about/, [Accessed: 05/06/2011]. Metorex Ltd Online, 2011. â€Å"Metorex Carbon Footprint Report†, http://www.metorexgroup.com/cmsAdmin/uploads/20110509_MtxCarbonFootprintAnaly sis.pdf , [Accessed: 07/06/2011] http://www.southafrica.to/provinces/Gauteng/towns/Johannesburg/Johannesburg.htm , [Accessed: 05/06/2011] Naidoo, R. 2010. â€Å"Plan to cut gas emissions†, http://www.joburg.org.za/index.phpoption=com_contentview=articleid=4922catid=1 20Itemid=201 , [Accessed: 06/06/2011] Khalianyane, L. 2011. â€Å"Energy Effiency in Spotlight†, http://www.joburg.org.za/index.phpoption=com_contentview=articleid=6713catid=8 8Itemid=266 , [Accessed: 06/06/2011]

Global Warming: An Inconvenient Truth :: Global Warming Catastrophe

In 2006, former senator Al Gore created an academy award winning documentary on global warming entitled â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth† . The movie earned several awards including an academy award for best documentary and gore later received a noble peace prize. The movie discussed several different topics of great concern to global warming; such as permafrost, climbs in temperature, extinction of species, drought, and fatigue to name a few. Four writers in five different articles discussed the three topics of greenhouse gases, climate change, and causes of global warming. These writers are writer and scholar Bill McKibben in â€Å"Think Again: Climate Change† and â€Å"How Close to catastrophe†; William J. Broad, writer for the New York Times in â€Å"From a Rapt audience, a call to cool the hype†; writer for the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Kevin O’Brien, in â€Å"Global Warming? I won’t be losing any sleep over it†; and Alan Zarembo, sta ff writer for the the Los Angeles Times, in â€Å"Game over on global warming?† All though the articles explain some different topics from one another, only one of them disagree with gore on the causes for global warming being humans, they all agree that there will be impacts to the environment, and all of them believe that greenhouse gases are one of the primary causes for global warming. First, all the articles discussed about who was to blame for the raising temperatures of the planet. The issue may be serious but O’Brien states that is just the media using another topic of interest and throwing it out of proportion. He claims that there is global warming, but the statistics being given are always changing, so the blame game can’t always point a finger at humans. Zarambo explained that humans are the cause of global warming but cannot but no matter what we were to do, even revert to the Stone Age, that global warming will still rise because the waste we have build up can dissolve slowly. On the opposite side, McKibben in â€Å"Think Again: Climate Change† he explains that humans are to blaim because the planet is already struggling to keep itself alive and all the excess heat we generate from CO2 and other waste, we are dooming ourselves to an early grave. In â€Å"How Close to catastrophe† where he explains his own thoughts he explains t hat its not just humans to blame but the citizens of the US.

Understanding Societal Wealth and Inequality Thesis Statement on What Can Help Society (Hybrid of Capitalism and Communism)

On a general basis, wealth is an accumulation of physical entities which hold great importance to us. These entities are objects such as money, land, jewelries, gold, precious stones and so much more. It is also a means were by people grade themselves or attain superiority over others. Wealth comes with power, prestige, honor, and integrity. Wealth is a very important tool in a society and that is the very means of survival in today’s world. In Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory, he speaks of â€Å"survival of the fittest†. In today’s modern world when fittest is mentioned it actually means wisest, more intelligent or brilliant or clever. Even the strongest in a society cannot attain power without wealth. What an irony but that is the situation of the world and now people are misusing this privilege. The unreasonable use of this opportunity is what is causing inequality in a society. According to the founder or father of economics, Adam smith, he explains that the wealth of a nation is not based on land or other forms of property but on the labor gotten from the nation. What he tries to explain from this is that the amount of working power in a society gives rise to the power in terms of wealth of the nation. Even if a society has abundance in land, both fertile and unfertile, the society is useless without the working force of the society (Smith). Every human being in a society is entitled to the wealth provided by the society because when people are created they didn’t place a part of the society to them naturally. The moment people start claiming the wealth of the nation; many people will be left out. This is called private wealth which causes inequality amongst people in a community. Even if private wealth was a good thing, greed which is part of human nature makes it very bad in a society. One man wants to accumulate everything for himself and his family members and this wealth is passed down from one generation to the next. Others in the society have no way of accessing that wealth which belongs to all of them. In Jean Jacque Rousseau’s book Discourse on the origin of inequality published by Marc Michael Rey in1755, Holland, he talks about types of inequality. The types of inequality are natural or physical inequality and moral or political or ethical inequality. The natural inequality he explains that yes every one wasn’t born with the same physical structure. Some might be born strong or weak, tall or short and so on and so forth but that doesn’t mean that inequality should exist. Everyone is born with one skill or the other which enables one to survive in the society and it’s those skills that enable the society to develop very fast and well. The type of inequality that he focuses on is the moral inequality which is caused by people’s ideas which are brought forward and authorized because it favors them. This inequality is a detriment to the development of a society. People come up with the idea of private wealth and the moment everyone starts seeing things in their eyes they begin to accept it as a way of life which is not so (Rousseau). From this idea of private wealth, people who have, start taking advantage of it. They keep on accumulating more wealth from there they gain power, prestige, importance in the society and they begin to oppress others with it. Issue of superiority and inferiority start surfacing and stratification occurs. The less privileged ones become slaves to the rich people and that is how slavery starts which is a form of stratification in a society. People fall into this category because of survival. The thought of slavery is inhuman, why should somebody be a slave to another person because of material possessions? It’s not right. Slavery was initially based on debt or the violation of a more or defeat in war. Slavery based on debt is the subject matter. The rich knew that if they accumulated everything the poor or peasants would be forced to borrow from them. They went into contracts with them and the contract entailed that if they didn’t pay at the designated time with interest, they would be forced to pay up their debt with labor which meant they would become slaves to them. This was called bonded service or indentured service. This was a common psychology the rich used to oppress the poor and this continued from one generation to the next. In some circumstances if the father and the mother cannot pay up even after death, the child (ren) take the debt and work for the rich person till the ebt is paid. This occurred in the United States of America until Slavery was based on color. In some areas in Ghana when debt was not paid in time, the rich person will collect the girl child of that family and she becomes his own until he is satisfied with her probably when she is in her fifties. Nothing was done about this, girls suffered because of private wealth. People used it to their advantage and people suffered. This form of slavery con tinued in Ghana until a militant president broke the bond or contract. Now those girls who were taken from their house at an early age live in shame, they walk nude on the streets of Ghana because they have been stripped of their purity at an early age. Stratification of a society is the after effect of private wealth. Stratification of societies has evolved through the ages from slavery to caste to estate and to class system which is the modern day form of stratification. Slavery as a type of stratification system is what I have previously explained. The next stratification system is the caste system. The Indian caste system is a typical example of the intense effect of stratification. The system is ascribed meaning one cannot choose his or her class because it is given to you and it is based on religious reasons. It is a rigid system and its characteristics or features entail endogamy, it’s practically a taboo to marry outside your caste. The Brahmans being the apex of the society are the only ones that can teach other Brahman children. It doesn’t matter if you have a good education standing, your ideas or teachings are regarded as useless. Functionalist sociologists, Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore suggested that society must offer rewards to ensure that important social positions are filled by the most competent people (Rowell). This doesn’t look like what the functionalist theorist said about being rewarded because of your ability. The Brahmans are the richest in the society, they do no work and they get all the privileges the society has to offer. The other castes present in the system are the Kshatriya (warriors), Vaishay (merchants), Shudra (laborers/farmers), and Dalit (untouchables). This system is so rigid and it is almost impossible to change ones caste. Another caste system which existed in South Africa because of colonialism was the Apartheid caste system. We should note that colonialism was a form of amassing wealth. In this case a country is taking the wealth of another nation to add to its own wealth and they never stop accumulating wealth. It is a macro-view of man and greed when looked at properly. When I talk of macro-view I mean when a developed or civilized country oppress the underdeveloped or uncivilized people and use their scarce resources to make them wallow in poverty. At that time in South Africa, the nation was divided in four, white, colored, black and Bantu. Privileges were giving according to caste level. The people at the bottom of the caste suffered because they received less. So we now see that the problem of private wealth is an issue even amongst countries. The estate system which is another form of stratification was evident in the middle ages. In this period the political system was feudalism. There were three classes in this system namely, clergy, nobles and the commoners. The clergy and the nobles are about 1% of the society’s population and the remaining 99% belonged to the commoners which most of them were dirt poor or peasants. This system existed because the nobles owned vast amount of land and because of that they practiced feudalism which is a system of government by land ownership. This land ownership is still a form of private wealth because the nobles own the land which is the means of production and the peasants work their heads off to survive. Slavery, caste, and estate system were all means of stratification in the old era. The people were controlled by the divine rights which meant that the people were subjected to the nobles or kings because it was an authority from God to obey them and anyone that questions that authority would be put to death. The modern era of stratification has changed because people are now enlightened but how enlightened are they? The effects of private wealth cannot be left behind because as I said before, human greed is inevitable. The modern era of stratification is an open class or social class which is divided in three, upper class, middle class and the lower class. It is called the open class because it is flexible and it is achieved not ascribed, now that is ideal but not real because the elites in the society want to maintain that form of stratification they create institutions that help maintain that private wealth because even in the grave they still want to dominate. Yes it is undeniable that you should be rewarded for one’s hard work, which is where private wealth becomes positive in a society. That chance of working and being rewarded is limited to a few in the society and that few are known as the elites of the society. They pass this chance from one generation to the next in other to ensure that the system or order is not disrupted. They maintain this stratification by controlling ideas, information and use of force. All this is possible by the introduction of institutions such as, legal, educational, police and military institutions. They control the ideas through the educational system, they tell what children should believe and not question it. They also make it possible that only the rich can attend schools because if one is not literate, the chances of the person rising to a higher status in the society would be limited. The elites control the price of educational institutions in the society allowing only a limited amount of children to gain access and as the world is, the children that are given this privilege are the children of the elites. When education fails to impact what they desire, they move on to using the legal institutions. As we all know not everyone has the money to acquire a lawyer in a court case and that is why a public defendant is setup. The elites own the legal institutions especially the public ones and the moment a lower class citizen comes with a court case, he or she knows that the case has already being won by the rich or elite. They fill up these institutions with their own kind and in the course of that they protected from the law. The law was not implemented to create orderliness in a society, that’s what we all think but the real issue is that the law was placed to suppress the poor. Legal institutions are placed to justify the rich and their actions so that no one can question it. When the rich realize that a poor individual is about to gain access to private wealth, false evidence is planted to strip the poor of their right to the private wealth. Is that just? I doubt. The police institution was created by the elites to protect what they have and their lives from the poor. Mostly in nations it is noticed that the elites move around with convoys while the poor have no protection because they have nothing to lose. The police are also there to ensure that the poor doesn’t revolt on the inequality or stratification order. The moment the police isn’t effective enough they call in the military institutions. They mostly do this in times of riot and strike. In these cases they use force to maintain the stratification of the society. We see that the educational institution is used to control ideas and information while the legal institution is used to influence the behavior of the lower class and the military and the police institution is used to exert force on the people when they cannot influence or change their reasoning. In Karl Marx’s book, the communist manifesto, he suggests that the society is stratified according to those who won the means of production (bourgeoisie) and the laborers (proletariats). The bourgeois give the proletariats false consciousness and exploit them with these. He suggests that when the proletariats develop class conscious, there would be an overthrown, but it will happen violently (karl Marx). A violent revolution would take place and the society would go form capitalism to socialism and then communism. This communism entails a classless society but is achieving a classless society possible? When the former Soviet Union practiced communism it was ruthless and harsh. They misunderstood the true ideology of communism. They used violent means to achieve it and in the process tried to have ultimate power. The people of the Former Soviet Union had to give to the state a large amount of their products. During the communist the early communist period over 20 million people were killed whether by hunger or in war. There was no freedom of speech; people who revolted against it were killed immediately by a political police that was set up. The regulations were imposed by deporting people to Siberia, shooting them or provoking starvation to death. The economy failed because creativity was not enhanced. In a society, no individual will be willing to bring new ideas if they are not going to be rewarded for it. The government dictated what kind of products to produce and it was monotonous. Trade of goods became limited even the goods they had, countries were no longer interested in them because they had nothing new to offer. A classless society could not be achieved in the Former Soviet Union because the government which was 0. 5% of the society ruled and had ultimate power and the moment someone can influence your behavior without objections from the individual, it is said to be superiority and inequality comes to play. Communism led to revolutionary acts which caused a lot of victims especially in areas such as western Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia in 1953, USSR in 1962, and Poland in 1956 and 1970. Resources were wasted since the government was in charge. This happened in poorly developed countries owned by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union used up their resources to build strong armies to be able to compete with nations such as the USA. Communism would have survived but because people have greed for power, a dictatorship rule would be developed and all dictators hate competition and revolt. Massive killings would erupt because of insecurity from the dictator’s side. Another problem with communism is the income. Like in China the income was very poor. Peasants in china received $71 and 32 cents annually and the average workers and workers in state industries earned $459 yearly. Productivity reduced drastically because some accelerators for adequate production were unavailable to the people, which included fertilizers, machineries, basic farm tools, preservative equipment etc. Management activities were very poor because the amount of people handling it was very little and division of labor was not encouraged. They also suffered from inflation pressure because prices of goods rose due to expenses made on the production of the goods (Prybyla). Capitalism is what most countries practice and yes it has helped their economic standards when USA is used to compare but we should not forget that this same capitalism is what is causing the effects of the private wealth such as social class which is a type of stratification. People use capitalism to exploit others since they dictate the wages of the workers. They ensure that the wages of their workers are very low so that the profit can be very large. They enjoy but the workers suffer immensely because they can’t take care of their family and this is the reason nations are stratified. All past efforts towards a free market economy, world trade, globalization, industrialization, the pursuit of high living standards, unlimited economic growth and every other form of capitalist endeavor have benefited only a small minority; the big players† (Kumar). He explains that capitalism is has proved to be a detriment to the society by benefitting only the rich and we should note t hat capitalism doesn’t increase the economy of the nation rather the wealth of the capitalist in the society who are the elites. If capitalism increases the wealth of the society then why almost 70% of the society suffering from poverty, starvation are etc.? †¦capitalism is incapable of solving the problems of humanity, but in fact hunger, pollution, the breakdown of social fabric, human unhappiness and many other problems are caused by capitalism† (Kumar). As I have mentioned before, it is only ideal for capitalist to think they are improving the economy but the real thing is that people are exploited for their labor just as Karl Marx indicated. Now that I have established the fact that capitalism and communism cannot solve the problems of inequality in the society, it is time to establish my own solution. I believe that the two can work hand in hand and success can be achieved out of to some extent. Of cause nothing comes with a disadvantage but if it can solve 80% of the problem then I think it is a wonderful solution. A hybrid of communism and capitalism would be utmost importance. A communist government and a capitalist economy is the hybrid I am talking about. This hybrid actually means a form of communal living. No one is superior to the other but that doesn’t mean one cannot have more money than the other if he works for it. Communal living entails that everyone is entitled to the scarce resources in the land and the government has a say in the business of the citizens. A breakdown of the services and the wages are given to the government and the total money gotten from the business is calculated and estimated if the salary of the workers is not fair enough then the person doesn’t get the contract to execute the business. An agreed of the percent of the total investment or profit is dedicated to the payment of the workers. By that everyone is comfortable and living well and the poverty issue and starvation is reduced. If the opportunity is used to exploit the labor of the people then the privilege is taken from one and given from one and this is where reward is functional. This hybrid brings good reforms such as free education (primary and secondary level) to enable one to have a little experience to support ones self, subsidized health care, availability of employment for the masses and social amenities made available. All business activities executed in the nation is open to the government and they pay taxes according to what they earn since they are using the resources of the nation. The tax is used to build the society by contributing to education, health care, social amenities, and protection (police and military services). The agricultural sector is supported by the government by subsidizing cost of machineries and educating people in the agriculture to enable quality and quantifiable products. With this the issue of starvation is reduced. A good example of this idea is the Chinese political and economic system. The communist party realized that communism wasn’t working so they sent the people out to make money. China had a drastic change in economy and it happened in a short time. They experienced double digit GDP growth from 2003 to 2007 –hitting a high of 13%. In 2008, the government launched a $586 billion stimulus plan and they lifted millions out of poverty. China was established as the world’s second largest economic power (Rizzi). Once the problems associated with private wealth have been dissolved, the only problem left to worry about is man’s greed. Man in recent times has learned to control his greed and the only reason it was a major reason was because the law authorized it indirectly. Works Cited Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. The Communist Manifesto, in The Two Narratives of Political Economy. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2010. Kumar, Satish. Critique of Capitalism. November/December 2005. . Oracle Education Foundation. â€Å"Oracle Think Quest.† 2008. Communism- The Failure of an Utopian System. . Prybyla, Jan S. â€Å"Economic Problems of Communism: A Case Study of China.† Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 12 (1982, Dec): 1206-1237. Rizzi, Warren. China's Economy Dances Between Communism and Capitalism. 23 April 2012. 28 April 2012 ;http://www.policymic.com/articles/7356/china-s-economy-dances-between-communism-and-capitalism/headline_story;. Rousseau, Jean Jacque. Discourse on the originn of inequality . Holland: Marc Michael REy, 1755. Rowell, Katherine R. Essentials of Sociology, A Down-to-Earth Approach. Boston: Pearson Education Inc., 2006. Smith, Adam. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of a nations. Pennsylvania: Penn State Electro nic Classic Series Publication, 1776.

How to Right a Paper

ppendix D: Individual Skills Assessment Questionnaire for the Instructor Directions: The following questionnaire contains the Individual Skills Assessment that must be administered to each student individually as a panel interview. Print enough copies of the ISA Questionnaire so that each interviewer has one copy per student before the panel interview begins. Please see the Instructor Guide section of this courseware for complete instructions on how to conduct the interviews. For each topic, start with Learning Level 3. Circle each of the response criteria that the student successfully includes in his or her response.You may use the scoring table at the end of the questionnaire to tally the student’s score. Note: Each topic includes questions at three levels: o Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation (Most-challenging questions) o Level 2: Application/Analysis (Medium-level questions) o Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension (Least-difficult questions) Appendix D: Individual Skills Assessment Questionnaire for the Instructor  ©ITT Educational Services, Inc. 104 Date: 01/12/2010 Individual Assessment Skills Questions with Correct Response Criteria Topic 1: HardwareLearning Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation Question: 1. You are building a LAN in a company that develops insurance management software. What hardware requirements should be taken into consideration? (TB143, IT1220) Correct Response Criteria: The student addresses why each is important: PC resources needed: Memory, disk drive size, processor size Networking resources: Category 5e cable, hub, switch, bridge, router Learning Level 2: Application/Analysis Question: 1. Describe how the memory manager divides up and allocates memory. (TB143, IT103) Correct Response Criteria:The student identifies the following memory concepts and describes how each works: Virtual memory Shared memory Paged memory Contiguous memory Non-contiguous memory Multi-programming Learning Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension Question: 1. Identify a ll of the different types of input ports is available on a modern computer? (TB143) Correct Response Criteria: The student identifies the following ports: USB Serial Parallel Video /audio RJ45 FireWire Appendix D: Individual Skills Assessment Questionnaire for the Instructor  ©ITT Educational Services, Inc. 05 Date: 01/12/2010 SCSI Topic 2: Programming Learning Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation Question: 1. Explain the difference between passing a piece of data â€Å"by value† and passing a piece of data â€Å"by reference. † (IT104) Correct Response Criteria: The student identifies the following data types and describes how each piece of data is passed: Parameter Argument Parameter list Data type Compatibility Reference address Learning Level 2: Application/Analysis Question: 1. Explain the â€Å"scope† of a data statement. 2. What are the implications of misidentifying a l

How Thanksgiving Came To Be.... essays

How Thanksgiving Came To Be.... essays In Canada, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October. The first Canadian Thanksgiving was celebrated on April 15, 1872 in thanks of the recovery of the future King Edward VII from a serious illness. But the major reason why Canadians celebrated Thanksgiving is because we are thankful for a successful harvest. The harvest season falls earlier in Canada than the United States, simply because Canada is further north. Harvest celebrations have been around for a long time. Ever since the very first harvest, about 2000 years ago, people have been thankful for a very prosperous bounty. In 1957, Parliament announced that on the second Monday in October that Thanksgiving would be a day of general thanksgiving to almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed. During the American Revolution, Americans who were still loyal to England and the crown moved to Canada and brought over with them the traditional Thanksgiving rituals that were associated wi th an American Thanksgiving. Because of this, Canadian and American Thanksgiving have many characteristics and traditions that are very similar to each other. For example the tradition of the cornucopia and serving pumpkin pie are customs that both, American and Canadian Thanksgiving follow. The custom of serving turkey at the Thanksgiving table is widely debated. Some say that duck/goose was served at the first Thanksgiving, some say turkey, and some say venison was served at the first Thanksgiving. It doesnt really matter what you serve at your Thanksgiving table, as long as you are thankful to God for all that you have been blessed with and for all the good that has happened in your life so far. ...

The Difference Between Purines and Pyrimidines

The Difference Between Purines and Pyrimidines Purines and pyrimidines are two types of aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds. In other words, they are ring structures (aromatic) that contain nitrogen as well as carbon in the rings (heterocyclic). Both purines and pyrimidines are similar to the chemical structure of the organic molecule pyridine (C5H5N). Pyridine, in turn, is related to benzene (C6H6), except one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a nitrogen atom. Purines and pyrimidines are important molecules in organic chemistry and biochemistry because they are the basis for other molecules (e.g., caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, thiamine) and because they are key components of the nucleic acids dexoyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Pyrimidines A pyrimidine is an organic ring consisting of six atoms: 4 carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms. The nitrogen atoms are placed in the 1 and 3 positions around the ring. Atoms or groups attached to this ring distinguish pyrimidines, which include cytosine, thymine, uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1), uric acid, and barbituates. Pyrimidines function in DNA and RNA, cell signaling, energy storage (as phosphates),  enzyme regulation, and to make protein and starch. Purines A purine contains a pyrimidine ring fused with an imidazole ring (a five-member ring with two non-adjacent nitrogen atoms). This two-ringed structure has nine atoms forming the ring: 5 carbon atoms and 4 nitrogen atoms. Different purines are distinguished by the atoms or functional groups attached to the rings. Purines are the most widely occurring heterocyclic molecules that contain nitrogen. They are abundant in meat, fish, beans, peas, and grains. Examples of purines include caffeine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, theobromine, and the nitrogenous bases adenine and guanine. Purines serve much the same function as pyrimidines in organisms. They are part of DNA and RNA, cell signaling, energy storage, and enzyme regulation. The molecules are used to make starch and proteins. Bonding Between Purines and Pyrimidines While purines and pyrimidines include molecules that are active on their own (as in drugs and vitamins), they also form hydrogen bonds between each other to link the two strands of the DNA double helix and to form complementary molecules between DNA and RNA. In DNA, the purine adenine bonds to the pyrimidine thymine and the purine guanine bonds to the pyrimidine cytosine. In RNA, adenine bonds to uracil and guanine still bonds with cytosine. Approximately equal amounts of purines and pyrimidines are required to form either DNA or RNA. Its worth noting there are exceptions to the classic Watson-Crick base pairs. In both DNA and RNA, other configurations occur, most often involving methylated pyrimidines. These are called wobble pairings. Comparing and Contrasting Purines and Pyrimidines The purines and pyrimidines both consist of heterocyclic rings. Together, the two sets of compounds make up the nitrogenous bases. Yet, there are distinct differences between the molecules. Obviously, because purines consist of two rings rather than one, they have a higher molecular weight. The ring structure also affects the melting points and solubility  of the purified compounds. The human body synthesizes (anabolism) and breaks down (catabolism) the molecules differently. The end product of purine catabolism is uric acid, while the end products of pyrimidine catabolism are ammonia and carbon dioxide. The body does not make the two molecules in the same location, either. Purines are synthesized primarily in the liver, while a variety of tissues make pyrimidines. Here is a summary of the essential facts about purines and pyrimidines: Purine Pyrimidine Structure Double ring (one is a pyrimidine) Single ring Chemical Formula C5H4N4 C4H4N2 Nitrogenous Bases Adenine, guanine Cytosine, uracil, thymine Uses DNA, RNA, vitamins, drugs (e.g., barbituates), energy storage, protein and starch synthesis, cell signaling, enzyme regulation DNA, RNA, drugs (e.g., stimulants), energy storage, protein and starch synthesis, enzyme regulation, cell signaling Melting Point 214 C (417 F) 20 to 22 C (68 to 72 F) Molar Mass 120.115 gmol1 80.088 g mol1 Solubility (Water) 500 g/L Miscible Biosynthesis Liver Various tissues Catabolism Product Uric acid Ammonia and carbon dioxide Sources Carey, Francis A. (2008). Organic Chemistry (6th ed.). Mc Graw Hill. ISBN 0072828374.Guyton, Arthur C. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7216-0240-0.Joule, John A.; Mills, Keith, eds. (2010). Heterocyclic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-405-13300-5.Nelson, David L. and Michael M Cox (2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (5th ed.). W.H. Freeman and Company. p. 272. ISBN 071677108X.Soukup, Garrett A. (2003). Nucleic Acids: General Properties. eLS. American Cancer Society. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0001335 ISBN 9780470015902.

Effectiveness of Patient Navigation Program For Underserved Patients Research Paper - 1

Effectiveness of Patient Navigation Program For Underserved Patients in Improving Diagnostic Resolution after Abnormal Cancer screening - Research Paper Example Most of the time, the underserved members of the community suffer from these abnormal tests. Failure to improve the situation could result into more people succumbing to the disease, which is curable and manageable at the earlier stages of its development. Through patient navigation programs, the underserved in community expect to receive medical care and diagnosis that provides them with solutions to the problem. The presentation of research material here deals with the challenge presenting the necessary literature on the challenge. The study presents the different challenges that the community faces in the wake of abnormal cancer screening in patients. The developing abnormal cancer screening in the underserved patients requires follow up in the patient navigation program. The different patient navigation programs developed aimed at dealing with patient challenges in relation to handling challenges such as cancer screening with quest to handle cancer in general as a problem. The challenge that the patient navigation program faces is the development of a cancer-screening program that ensures through management of the problem. The whole process seems to provide an ineffective answer to the diagnostic challenges that management of cancer faces. The problem provokes the need to improve the cancer diagnostic resolution to present viable results. The study presents a number of significance levels to different people in ranging from the writer, the future research developers on the same subject, the community and the government. The study is significant in the presentation of information that could guide medical workers in dealing with the problem and improving the cancer screening process. This significance plays to the researcher and the medical workers. The study is significant to the community in providing them with the necessary

Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Methodology - Essay Example ancement of a software called sage; the paper was also published again in 198 although it was agreed that the process did not necessarily have to follow the exact procedure as it was initially made. The putting forward of the waterfall model by Winston was as an example of a model that could not work and the term was only used when talking about software development. One of the reasons that I prefer using this model is because the time that is spent in the initial stages of making the model can lead to greater savings in time and money in future (Carlisle, Wilson, Humphries & Hadfield, 2005, p177). For instance a bug that is detected earlier during the design phase of a software will be cheap and will take less time to fix than one that will be detected at later stages in the development of the software. The main idea behind this model is that the much time spent in the first stages of development reduces efforts later. The people behind the making of this process have to make sure that they are more sure and accurate before getting to the following stage they should also assemble all the necessary requirements needed in all the processes before beginning the entire procedure (Navarro & Hoek, 2005, p27). In this model, the members have to make sure that when they start working it is advisable to work thoroughly without any stops this would prevent some of the information getting lost if left unattended, retrieving of this information may not be very easy and may cost a lot of time (Huo, Verner, Zhu & Babar, 2004, p523). If the team or the members are not familiar with the documents ¦, it is advisable to go through them first before starting the entire project. Most of the waterfall model users prefer this method because it is to use and it progresses in such a way that it is easy to understand each phase due to this reason the model has been widely used at the start of the model in writing software engineering text. Big design up and the waterfall model are most

Its a Flat World, After All by Thomas Friedman Essay

Its a Flat World, After All by Thomas Friedman - Essay Example Friedman discusses the different flatteners of the world which have created a level playing field for all countries. These flatteners include the collapse of the Berlin Wall, Netscape, Workflow software, uploading, outsourcing, offshoring, supply chaining, insourcing, informing, and steroids. In reviewing these flatteners, it is important to understand the context upon which the word flattened or flat is used. Friedman uses the term flat in terms of the level of competence which all countries have in terms of access to information and technology, including economic growth and development. Such information is used in various activities including business, governance, education, and sports. Based on Friedman’s arguments, he concludes that the world is flat because the access to information, technology, and the potential for economic growth is no longer the exclusive province of the developed states (Bijker, 1995). Instead, the economic, political, and social landscape has levele d out and this process has started unfolding ever since the fall of the Berlin Wall, becoming even more apparent starting in the year 2000 onwards. Undeniably, the use of technology and the spread and the access of information have become very much apparent in the current setting. The information represents an â€Å"assemblage of data† (Headrick, 2000, p. ... The information and technology are no longer exclusive or delayed in transmission. For a long, while geographical barriers between countries implied that different nations had different rates of growth; however, geographical barriers have become less of an issue through internet capability (Suchman, 2007). In relation to internet access therefore, Friedman provides strong support for the world being flat and less hierarchical. Since information is no longer exclusive to specific individuals or countries, the possibility of creating technology and innovations from such information is no longer also an exclusive right and privilege of specific countries (Wolf, 2008). This indicates that there are also innovators which can gain access to the same information from any part of the globe and then transform such information to innovations. For a long while, the US and other western nations were the global leaders in technology and innovation (Beniger, 1986). From such technology and innovat ions, they were able to make major advancements in labor-saving technology which increased productivity and made the work hours more efficient. With â€Å"falling communication costs and the broader spectrum of activities that can be coordinated through current forms of computer-mediated interaction,† more economic links were soon established (Kallinikos, 2010, p. 93). From such technology and innovations, the rest of the world looked to the west for dole-outs of these technologies. The adaptation of these technologies was carried out in order for the countries to keep up with western technologies.