Explore in Relation to a Client You Have Nursed...

This essay will be exploring the psychosocial influences on a 68 year old lady called Susan Smith’s perception to her health, along with her response to illness. To do this we must look at a definition of both psychology and sociology and discuss any possible effects these have had on Susan’s perception of health issues. Also this essay will be looking at any influences such as education, in relation to a female of Susan’s age and background, and discuss whether these issues have affected Susan’s health and her responses to illness. Susan was admitted to hospital for a planned bi-lateral total knee replacement, she lived with her husband John who suffered from bipolar disorder. Susan enjoyed going to her local church every Sunday but had†¦show more content†¦Another factor affecting peoples perception could be their locus of control, Rotter (1954) made distinctions between beliefs of people with an internal and an external locus of control: people who are said to be ‘internal’ are thought to believe that their own actions can change the outcome of situations, making these situations under personal control, however ‘externals’ are seen generally to believe that the outcome is beyond their personal control, believing that their actions are unrelated to the events. Therefore if someone has an internal locus of control they believe that they have a significant say in how their lives are run, whereas a person with an external locus of control believes that ‘fate’ has al ready decided upon the events of their lives. Niven (2000) suggests that people who have an internal locus of control may be more highly motivated to take action concerning their health; however they are less likely to adhere to medical advice. This may be due to the fact that internals feel that they have a choice and say in the outcomes of their health and can decide not to adhere when it is appropriate. For example in Susan’s case when she spoke about having a bilateral total knee replacement, she said that when the doctor had advised having

Gangs And Gang Crimes All Together - 2177 Words

I have chosen to write my paper on Gangs and Gang crimes all together. I want to explain the history and reasoning of modern gangs and how and why they came about. I also want to give examples of some of the most common gangs known world wide and examples of the crimes they commit. I will also include insight on the reasoning behind the joining of gangs. Lastly, I would like to go into some detail about the criminal investigation of gang crimes. I have chosen this topic because I believe it is one that we don’t give enough credit to in the current increase in crime rate. Today’s gangs of violent young offenders aggressive if you will terrorize and put pressure on neighborhoods in over three quarters of America s largest cities. These collectivities may include only one third of at risk youth, but the members that are held accountable are only about 80% of the serious delinquencies among minors. Now, even though juvenile violence and crime is connected to inferior socioe conomic conditions and racial issues, it has been understood that gangs nurture and structure young offenders towards futures of crime. Their entire existence is on the belief that the youth will grow up and become part of their legacy as they call it. Now, to understand street gangs and the crimes they commit in its seriousness, one must understand what a street gang is. Street gangs are groups or gangs, having a year history, or having a large membership and being somewhat organized, and being involvedShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang Violence1520 Words   |  7 PagesGang violence is becoming a known threat in our country. Gang violence is defined as a group of people by repetitive socializing individuals or close friends with recognizable influence and inner coordination. 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Usually joining a gang is a bad thing to do. Well depending what kind of gang it is, but most of the time it’s been viewed like a violent or a rebellion act. Gangs have had an impact in society for a long time in many different places in the world, and there are a lot of types of gangs. They impact society by increasing the rates of murders, school drop outs, and drug and alcohol abuse. There are ma ny reasons why people join gangs. Some people might join a gangRead MoreOrganized Crime Group Analysis1527 Words   |  7 PagesOrganized Crime Group Analysis Team A CJA 384 Organized Crime Group Analysis In this paper it was asked of us as a team to give an in-depth historical analysis of an organized crime group. With this class being about organized crime one would think to write about mobsters, but we decided to think outside the box. Even though when thinking of organized crime the first thought is The Italian Mafia and groups of that sort, one has to remember that organized crime comes in many different formsRead MoreThe Criminal Aspect of Social Media1360 Words   |  5 Pagespicture of offenders and crime patterns to develop. It serves to confirm what investigators already suspect or can point an investigation into a totally different direction. The Cincinnati Police Department (CPD), along with our academic partners at the University of Cincinnati Institute of Crime Science (ICS), first started to look at the social networks of criminal street gangs or groups in 2008 during the investigation of the Northside Taliband (their spelling) gang. This move to group basedRead MoreThe Ending Gang And Youth Violence Policy Initiative1020 Words   |  5 Pages1. The Ending Gang and Youth Violence policy initiative is aimed at analysing problems with gangs and find intervention to tackle crime connected to young people. 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On one side there is a spot next to a bunch of African Americans, on the other side its a posse of Asians. Okay, so where are you going to sit? Next to the Asians I bet. What if it was Latinos instead of Blacks, chances are you wouldRead MoreThe Cause and Effect of Joining a Gang with reference to Mara Salvatrucha 131200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cause and Effect of Joining a Gang with reference to Mara Salvatrucha 13 According to the Cambridge Dictionary (n.d.), a gang is defined as, â€Å"a group of criminals that work together.† Gangs are a powerful force that is a constant threat against society. As of 2011, the National Gang Center (n.d.) estimates there to be 782,500 gang members in the United States alone. Mara Salvatrucha 13, also known as MS-13, is one of the biggest and most threatening gangs. The High Intensity Drug Trafficking

None Persuasive Essay Example For Students

None Persuasive Essay Executive SummaryThis business plan details the launch of a start-up company known as the Import Export Company (IEC). The company functions as a middleman in purchasing housewares from manufacturers in China and reselling the products to retail buyers in the US and Canada. The Import Export Company is primarily an independent import/export business. The products we import from China are resold to retail buyers in the US; in addition, we export the products from China directly to retail buyers in Canada. Without maintaining inventory, the company ships the product directly from China to the US and Canada. Our product catalog focuses on housewares products that appeal to trend-minded US and Canadian consumers. Product pricing is geared toward budget-conscious consumers seeking a current look for their homes, without paying upscale prices. In 2003, China was the third largest country trading with the US, importing and exporting a combined $127 billion in goods (US Census Bureau, 2003). As of November 2003, China exported $25.1 billion in goods to the US, up 25.8% over 2002 (US Department of Commerce). The IEC has developed initial relationships with manufacturers and retailers. Our marketing plan targets a market of 160 retailers in the US that specialize in Home Furnishings and Housewares. The company has targeted fifty Canadian retailers that also meet our target market requirements. The owners are contributing $15,000 ($7,500 each) in start-up capital from personal savings, in addition to a loan of $30,000 from friends and family. The loan will be repaid at 6% interest when the company becomes stable in the second year of operations. After initial start-up expenses, the company has a starting Cash Balance of $29,880. The company is forecasting $350,500 in first year sales revenue, with a Cost of Goods projected to be 60%. Cost of Goods directly reflects our targeted 40% profit margin. We anticipate doubling our sales revenue for the first three years of operations as we develop our manufacturing and retail buyer relationships. Sales revenue increases in our second year to $701,000 and $1,402,000 in our third year. The company projects a Net Profit of $40,665 in our first year of operations, increasing to $139,944 in the second year and $317,688 in the third year. Our Cash Flow objective in the first year is to not allow our Cash Balance to fall below $15,000 in any given month. We anticipate a Net Cash Flow of $17,103 in our first year of operations, increasing to $28,382 in our second year and $114,564 in our third year. Our projections show a Cash Balance of $46,983 in our first year, increasing to $75,365 in our second year and $189,928 in our third year. ObjectivesThe objectives of the Import Export Company are to: Generate first year sales of $350,500, doubling annually for the following two years. Establish additional strategic relationships with manufacturers and retail buyers representing retail stores in the Home Furnishings and Housewares sector. Maintain net margins of 40%. MissionThe IEC imports home furnishing and housewares products from Chinese manufacturers at the lowest possible price for resale to home furnishings and housewares retail stores in the United States and Canada at competitive prices to generate volume unit sales. Company SummaryThe IEC is primarily an independent import/export business. We will import (buy) products from manufacturers in China and resell these products to retail buyers in the US, in addition to exporting the products for resale to retail buyers in Canada. As a start-up company, our primary business will be locating and sourcing unique housewares products that appeal to trend-minded US and Canadian consumers. Our sourcing will focus on housewares product manufacturers in China, from whom we will identify products for inclusion in our product catalog. We will market our product catalog to direct buyers for home furnishing and housewares retailers in the US and Canada, to whom we will sell the products. When product orders are obtained from retail buyers, an order will be issued to the manufacturer, who then produces and ships the product directly to the retail buyer. Company OwnershipThe company is co-owned by two individuals who will each maintain 50% ownership of the company. The owners have extensive experience in importing goods from Asia and selling to retail buyers in the US and Canada. The company will be formed as a Limited Liability Corporation. The company will obtain local and state business licenses. Additionally, the company will apply for an Employer Identification Number from the federal government. The company will be located in California, housed in a leased, 200 square foot furnished office space and will carry adequate business insurance. The company will not warehouse or store products, as the company will function as a middleman. ProductsThe IEC will focus primarily on importing home furnishings, housewares, and giftware products. The products will be selected for their appeal to trend-minded consumers in the US and Canada, primarily purchasers that are between 25-45 years old and concerned with current decorating trends. Products with a high value/low price position will be identified for inclusion in our product catalog. The products offered in the Import Export Companys brochure will include: Candles and candlestick holders Picture frames Clocks Throw pillows Decorative tabletop items Although products are primarily non-branded in that they do not bear any manufacturers brand name, we will provide private label orders of all products, allowing the buyers to place their companys identifying marks on the products. Private labels are generally thought to be good values by the consumers. SourcingFor sourcing imported products, the company has developed strategic relationships with several manufacturers in China. The company will focus its sourcing efforts during the first year in identifying additional manufacturers and products for inclusion in the company catalog. Sourcing goals for the next 12-months include: Developing ten new strategic relationships with manufacturers in China Identifying 20-30 new products for inclusion in the company catalog We will obtain sourcing contacts by establishing communications with manufacturers and sending email, letters, and faxes to companies identified as potential resources. We will request personal meetings with representatives of the manufacturing companies and travel to China to meet one-on-one with the companies. These resources will be identified through: Import/Export industry publications International Ch amber of Commerce Import/Export industry trade shows Internet research for housewares manufacturers in China World Trade Centers US Department of Commerce Additionally, the company has developed strategic relationships with freight forwarders and customs brokers to manage the logistics of all orders. TechnologyThe company will incorporate technology advances for logistics, order management, and online publishing to help automate the order and delivery process. Future ProductsThe company will continuously update its product catalog to include the most current home furnishings trends, remaining focused on small, high-volume products within the home furnishings sector. Products that have fallen out of fashion will be removed from the catalog unless they consistently receive buyer orders. Market Analysis SummaryThe IEC trades in the international import and export industry. The import/export industry in 2003 represented $1061 billion of goods imported into the US, an increase of 8.4% over 2002. US exports totaled $928 billion, reflecting a 3.9% increase over 2002 (US Department of Commerce). The company focuses on two areas: Import: The IEC imports consumer house wares products from China for resell to US retail buyers. In 2003, China was the third largest country with which the US trades, importing and exporting a combined $127 billion in goods (US Census Bureau, 2003). As of November 2003, China exported $25.1 billion in goods to the US, up 25.8% over 2002 (US Department of Commerce). Export: The IEC exports consumer house wares products from manufacturers in China to retailers in Canada. In 2003, Canada was the largest country with which the US trades, importing and exporting a combined $292 billion in goods (US Census Bureau, 2003). As of November 2003, US exports to Canada totaled $156 billion, up 4.9% over 2002 (US Department of Commerce). For import/export assistance, the company will utilize the consulting services of the following agencies:The Small Business Administrations (SBA) Office of International TradeThe US Department of Commerce International Trade AdministrationThe Export-Import Bank of the United StatesThe International Chamber of CommerceThe World Trade CentersMarket SegmentationThe Market Analysis chart indicates that these two sectors, assuming continued steady growth rates, will reach a combined market of $251 billion by 2008, with a Compound Average Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.58%. Table: Market AnalysisPotential CustomersGrowth200520062007CAGRImported Goods from China to US26%$25,100,000,000$31,575,800,000$39,722,356,40025.80%Exported Goods from US to Canada5%$156,000,000,000$163,644,000,000$171,662,556,0004.90%Total8.58%$181,100,000,000$195,219,800,000$211,384,912,4008.58%Industry AnalysisThe Import Export Companys customer groups are primarily large retail chain stores that offer Home Furnishings and Housewares at low to moderate pricing. According to Dun and Bradstreet, in 2004 the Home Furnishings sector represents a $546 million industry with 347 major participants. Conservative estimates forecast an annual growth rate of 2% in the US. Manufacturing order sizes have steadily declined as the industry reacted to the worldwide recession of recent years. Large retail chains have grown through mergers and acquisitions, while buyers have increased their buying power through consolidation. Vietnam Persuasive EssayAfter identifying products that meet our criteria, we will request an initial Request For Quotation (RFQ) from the manufacturer. The manufacturer will respond with a pro forma invoice with the following information:Price per unit in US dollars (including shipping, packing, and insurance)QuantityProduct description Product specifications for weight and dimensionsPacking specificationsPayment TermsThe following are import costs for the example order: CostsCIF (landed cost)$5,000Duty (5%)$50US Tax$10Brokerage Clearance and Reforwarding$30Letter of Credit (.25%)$5Total Landed $5,095 or $5.10 per unitOur targeted markup to retailers is 40% above the wholesale price paid to the manufacturer. For example, if we purchase a product for $5.10 per unit landed cost (including all shipping and insurance costs) from the manufacturer, we would then sell that product to a retail buyer for $7.14, resulting in a net profit of $2.04 per unit. $5.10 + 40% = $7.14The Import Export Company will focus on volume sales orders of at least 1,000 units per retailer order. In this example, an order of 1,000 units at a net profit of $2.04 per unit would result in a profit of $2,040 for the company. $2.04 x 1,000 = $2,040Promotion StrategyWe believe that the most important element of promoting our company is in cultivating and maintaining personal relationships with product manufacturers and retail buyers. We will identify and establish relationships with at least ten manufacturers in our first year. We will negotiate with each manufacturer for the lowest price for each product, along with favorable terms including Letters of Credit. From these negotiations, we will determine an acceptable profit margin and unit pricing for retail buyers in the US and Canada. An electronic catalog will be created, with product descriptions, photos, retail unit pricing, volume price discounts, and credit terms for presentation to retail buyers. Marketing ProgramsAll products will be listed in an electronic product brochure/catalog, maintained in electronic file format. The brochure can be easily updated using off-the-shelf publishing software, operated by the company staff on laptop computers. Pr oduct pictures will be generated at the manufacturers facilities by company staff through the use of photo cell phones. The catalog is easily updated and accessed on the companys website, and can be emailed to customers for immediate review. We will present our catalog in-person and via email to retail decision-makers. The company will also maintain a state-of-the-art website that showcases our current product catalog. The website will provide for online ordering and order-tracking to streamline the logistics process. To reach our sales goals, we will follow the following marketing plan:Make contact with all targeted retail companies in the first three months of operations by sending letters of introduction by fax, email, and direct mail. The information provided to the retail buyers will include our product catalog in both electronic and print format. Follow up with each retail buyer at least three times. Schedule personal face-to-face meetings at the retail buyers office to establish a relationship and present our product catalog in-person, along with samples of the most popular products. Visit major industry events. Annual product conventions generally lead to the discovery of new products and new buyer leads. We will access buyers directories distributed at each event: International Housewares Show (March) New York International Gift Fair (January) Hong Kong Gifts and Housewares Fair (April) The company will maintain a budget for advertising, which will include:Print advertisements in industry publications. Catalog costs for printing and electronic formats. Travel budgets to support calling on each targeted retail buyer. Strategic AlliancesWe believe that our most important alliances are those we forge with our bank, our manufacturers, and our retail buyers. Cultivation of personal relationships with decision-makers within these organizations will position our company to meet our growth goals. Sales StrategyThe companys goal for the first year of operations is to place initial orders from thirty retail buyers. The average initial order is expected to generate revenue of $7,500 per order. We expect to write our first orders in our second month of operations. We assume a six-week lag from the day an order is written to when we receive payment. From these assumptions, we are forecasting initial orders in our first year of sales as: 30 x $7,500 = $225,000 initial order profitWe expect half of these orders to result in reorders beginning in the second half of the year, resulting in the following assumption: 15 x $7,500 = $125,500 Reorder ProfitFrom these assumptions, we are projecting initial first year sales revenue of $350,500. Our sales and marketing goals identify doubling our retail orders through our third year, resulting in sales of $701,000 in our second year and $1,402,000 in our third year. The following Sales Forecast represents our first three years of Sales and Cost of Sales. Direct Cost of Sales is tabulated as 60% of the product sales value, in correlation to our 40% margin. A detail of our first twelve months of sales is provided in the appendix of the business plan. Table: Sales ForecastSales Forecast200520062007SalesInitial Orders$225,000$450,000$900,000Reorders$125,500$251,000$502,000Total Sales$350,500$701,000$1,402,000Direct Cost of SalesInitial Orders$135,000$270,000$540,000Reorders$75,300$150,600$301,200Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales$210,300$420,600$841,200Management SummaryThe company is founded by two individuals who have over ten years of combined experience importing products from Asia and selling to retail buyers in the US and Canada. Additional management expertise will be provided by import/export consultants, a corporate attorney, and an accountant specializing in import and retail. Management TeamThe company is organized by focusing on the three major areas of sourcing, marketing, and administration. The two owners will divide responsibilities between sourcing and marketing. Administration will be handled by an administrative assistant who will manage the office while the two owners spend the majority of their time on the road, cul tivating the companys relationships with manufacturers and retail buyers. Owner #1 is well-versed in negotiating in China and will be responsible for identifying and developing relationships with housewares manufacturers in China. He will additionally be responsible for overseeing the logistics of each order. Owner #2 will be responsible for developing relationships with retail buyers in the US and Canada. A large percentage of her time will be spent making in-person sales calls and traveling to industry trade events. Personnel PlanThe following table outlines the companys personnel objectives. Initially, only the companys administrative assistant will be considered an employee. Both owners will take a distribution of the profits rather than drawing a salary. The owners anticipate taking dividends of $11,000 each in the first year, increasing to $40,000 each in the second year and $100,000 each in the third year. Additional staff will be added in subsequent years, determined by the companys cash flow and personnel requirements. Financial PlanAs a start-up company, we anticipate growth through favorable financing options and cash flow. All sales contracts will be written to minimize our risk by negotiating for favorable credit terms, including Letters of Credit. All transactions will be in US dollars to avoid any foreign exchange risk. The company assumes a 45-day collection period for all billables, reflecting the time required to manufacturer and ship the products to the US. The Import Export Company expects to utilize financing to cover these collection periods. Financing will also allow the company to avoid unnecessary risk and increase working capital. For the purpose of estimating our cash flow, we are forecasting 50% of our sales will be on credit. We will consult with our accountant to ascertain a specific tax rate. For the purpose of estimating, we have set our tax rate at 20%. We do not forecast collecting sales tax, as our purchases are for resale and not subject to sales or use taxes. We will work closely with our bank, which was selected because of its import and export programs. Initially, we will pursue secured financing options, with the bank advancing funds by using the goods we import as collateral. If we default on our secure financing obligations, the bank takes title of our shipped goods. As we are a start-up company, we will not qualify for unsecured financing until we have established a positive credit record with our bank. We may pursue a revolving line of credit through the Small Business Administrations Special Purpose loan programs for exporters, which would allow us to receive pre-export financing through the U.S. Export Import Bank. We may also pursue factoring options. As a start-up, we are primarily focused on maintaining a positive cash flow position. For this reason, a factor that buys receivables with a cash advance in exchange for a 5% fee may be a viable option. We feel that our target profit margin of 40% provides leeway to work with facto rs.

Sleep Process Research

Introduction Every human being in day to day life needs some rest from the normal activities by sleeping. Sleep is therefore defined as period that naturally occurs where the body rests from the daily activities and the mind being in a state of unconsciousness. There are said to have five sleep stages, which are divided in to two: the rapid eye movement and the non rapid eye movement during which the dreams occur.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Process Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One begins with the preparation to sleep -the waking sleep- where the eyes go on and off. In stage 1 last about five to ten minutes where there is slowing down of muscle activities. At this stage it is easy to awaken someone and he may end up feeling as if he hadn’t slept. During this stage the eyes are closed. In stage 2, one gets a light sleep whereby the body temperature goes down as well as the heart rate. In stages 3 and 4, someone experiences dead sleep, (Andrew, 2005). However, in stage 4 the sleep is much intense. There is the repeat of stage 3 and 2 after stage 4. Stages 1-4 are referred as the non rapid eye movement (NREM) period. In these stages one dream on memories of the episodes which might have happened during the day or the past days. The NREM period last up to around 90 minutes where one gets into stage five the rapid eye movement (REM) period. Here the dreams take another shape where the normal realities don’t make sense, for instance one can dream walking on water without sinking. At this stage the heart rate increases and the blood pressure rises. The five stages form a cycle and one may end up having 5 cycles at the end on the night, (Andrew, 2005). There are theories associated to why we dream, some of them include: to help solving of problems which cannot be solved in normal consciousness, to organize our mind in relation to many information and to cope wit h different hard situations. We also dream as a result of impulses from the brain which are randomly developed. There are several consequences related to the disrupted sleep. Disrupted sleep during the night result into the poor working of person during the day where one ends up dozing in the afternoon when supposed to be taking a certain activity, it also disrupts the concentration of the mind. Disrupted sleep has been a high threat to the human health by increasing the risk of diseases such as heart attacks, obesity, and colon cancer among others (Andrew, 2005). Insufficient sleep may increase the hormones which do cause stress. This leads to the increase in the blood pressure in which many heart attacks are reported to be as a result of increased blood pressure (Pinel, 2009). In the blood vessels there is a lining which is influenced by sleep, and so many cases of strokes as well as the heart attacks have been known to happen in the morning as it’s when the body resumes wo rking with high increased blood pressure.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Diabetes is said to be as a result of poor regulation of the blood in which at the same time people who are known to have insufficient sleep are at the same time reported to have problems in blood sugar regulation (Pinel, 2009). The body metabolic rate is said to be high at night and thus less sleep leads to poor metabolic rate. This has in turn resulted into many reported cases of obesity especially to women who sleep five hours or less. Insufficient sleep therefore has many negative effects which lead to reduced life span to a person (Davis, 2003). The bio-psychologist and the psycho-physiologist are said to play a great role in the sleep research. They have researched on the positive effects that the sleep has into a person as well as the negative effects involved when one lacks enough sleep. Out of their re search results people are then in position to avoid these effects which are detrimental in to their health. They have a role on explaining the relationship between the sleep and the body biological functioning. They also have a role in further research on, the sleep and the relationship with the neurological problem or disorders. They are a number of sleep disorders of which the specifics causes have not been known like walking while sleeping. The bio-psychologist have then the role on researching the specific causes of which some of them are believed to be genetic as when the specific cause is known then the specific treatment on the same will be developed (Davis, 2003). The psycho-physiologists have a role in showing the relationship in psycho-physiological and the radical eye movement period. The science need to be applied for the hallucinations and dreams that people experience with the processes on full conscience. They have also a further role to research of the impact that th e disorders such as insomnia to the body functioning which are unknown. There has been reported cases on psycho-physiological insomnias that are not caused by sleep loss thus they have a further role on researching on the same. Their role however cannot be under looked by the fact that many lives have been saved as a result of their research (Davis, 2003). References Andrew, W. (2005). Foundations of Biopsychology. London: Pearson, Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Process Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Davis, S. (2003). Blackwell Handbooks of Research Methods in Psychology. New York: Wiley Blackwell. Pinel, John P.J. (2009). Biopsychology, 7 ed. Boston, MA: Pearson. This essay on Sleep Process Research was written and submitted by user Hallie Grimes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.